Biriani

Ingredients

 * 1 kg meat (mutton leg, a lean cut of beef, goat or chicken)
 * 1 kg rice
 * 1 kg onions
 * 1 kg potatoes
 * 1 medium size unripe pawpaw
 * 300 ml (1.5 cups) sour milk or yogurt
 * 2 limes
 * ¼ kg tomatoes
 * 1 small bulb of garlic
 * small piece of fresh green ginger
 * 4 cardamom pods
 * 4 cloves
 * 2 small sticks cinnamon
 * 1 teaspoon each of cumin seeds, coriander seeds, and whole black peppercorns
 * oil for frying
 * 1 smallest size tin tomato paste

Directions

 * 1) Peel pawpaw, remove seeds, and grate coarsely.
 * 2) Pound the garlic and ginger to a paste.
 * 3) Cut the meat into biggish pieces and put into a heavy saucepan with the pawpaw and garlic and ginger.
 * 4) Add the sour milk or yogurt, and the juice of the two limes.
 * 5) Set over a low heat and stir at intervals.
 * 6) Whilst this is cooking, grind all the spices together and set aside.
 * 7) Slice the onions and fry in oil until brown and crisp.
 * 8) Remove from the fat.
 * 9) Peel and slice the potatoes and fry in the same oil until golden brown.
 * 10) Remove and keep on one side - apart from the onions.
 * 11) Check the meat to see if it is nearly ready, then add the spices and the skinned tomatoes together with 4 – 5 tablespoons of the fat used to fry the onions and potatoes.
 * 12) Mix together well, then add the tin of tomato paste.
 * 13) Continue cooking over low heat until the meat is really tender and the sauce thick and creamy.
 * 14) It is almost certain you will have to add a little warm water before the meat is cooked.
 * 15) Cook for a final 15 – 20 minutes to make sure all the flavours have blended together.
 * 16) Prepare and cook the rice.
 * 17) Put a good layer of the rice at the bottom of a fireproof dish or casserole.
 * 18) Pour over the meat mixture, and cover completely with another layer of rice.
 * 19) Now put in the fried onions, reserving a few for decoration, and cover them with the rest of the rice.
 * 20) Boil up the remaining oil and pour over.
 * 21) Take the sliced potatoes and tuck them at the edge of the dish, and across the top, pushing them into the rice.
 * 22) Sprinkle with the reserved onions about 30 minutes.
 * 23) Do not let it become dry.
 * 24) Biriani can be served at table in the casserole if it is decorative one, or else you will have to remove the meat and the vegetables keeping the layers as cooked and serve on a big platter.